This report was assembled for you on 2026-10-19. Every figure in it carries the source it came from and the date it was observed. Where the data does not exist, the report says so instead of guessing. Wages are shown for Austin-Round Rock, TX wherever the source publishes them at that level; where it does not, the report says which cut it used instead.
Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records to prepare financial statements, give advice, or audit and evaluate statements prepared by others. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data.
What you told us when ordering, and what it changes in the figures above.
Essential skills per the ESCO classification, ordered by how specific each one is to this occupation. A skill held by few occupations says more about the work than a common one.
Flagged by O*NET as frequently requested by employers in this occupation — not our judgement, the source's.
Essential skills of the target occupation, split by what you already have. Nothing here says how long a move takes.
Where your level sits among employer offers for this occupation.
ESCO v1.2.1 essential skills · O*NET Technology Skills · U.S. DOL OFLC prevailing wage level I–IV
Several independent methods, not one score. Two of them judge AI capability from entirely different data — tasks and abilities — and arrive at the same answer (0.80 correlated). Observed usage matches neither of them (−0.03): what people actually do with AI today is not where the capability estimates say it could be used. So where the methods disagree, the report shows both answers instead of averaging them away.
4 of 4 methods place this occupation in the top third.
| Method | Percentile among all occupations | |
|---|---|---|
| human annotators, LLM time-saving rubric (2023) | 93 | high |
| the same rubric applied by GPT-4 itself (2023) | 96 | high |
| observed share of real AI use (2025) | 67 | high |
| the 52 abilities this job needs, against how far AI reaches into each (Felten et al., recomputed on O*NET 30.3) | 93 | high |
Physical automation is a separate risk, not a competing estimate of the same one: this occupation sits at the 35th percentile for robot exposure. Language models and robots reach opposite kinds of work, and in our own data the two measures correlate −0.72.
This is what you are paid for once the rest gets cheaper.
Direction: not enough observed use of this occupation's tasks to say whether AI replaces the work or assists it.
What these numbers do not know: the 2023 ratings were calibrated against a model two generations old; a model's capability and its adoption at your employer are different things, and only the first is measured here; the task rubric assumes work decomposes into separate tasks, which leaves out the relational and tacit part of a job; and the ability-based measure rests on a set of AI applications drawn up before 2018 and on a survey of how close each one sits to each ability.
GPTs are GPTs (Eloundou et al. 2023, MIT) · Anthropic Economic Index (CC BY) · O*NET 30.3 task importance · AIOE: Felten E, Raj M, Seamans R (2021) Strategic Management Journal 42(12):2195–2217 — пересчитано по O*NET 30.3
Occupation-based, not posting-based: how much employment, pay and projected growth sit behind each tool across the whole economy. It is not a count of job advertisements, and there is no per-tool salary premium in this data.
| Tool | Value | Spread across occupations |
|---|---|---|
| Structured query language SQL | 86 | 79 → 151 occupations since 2015 |
| R | 85 | 46 → 102 occupations since 2015 |
| Microsoft SQL Server | 84 | 39 → 94 occupations since 2015 |
| Microsoft Visual Basic | 84 | 70 → 96 occupations since 2015 |
| Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications VBA | 84 | 5 → 45 occupations since 2015 |
| UNIX | 83 | 52 → 89 occupations since 2015 |
| Tableau | 82 | 27 → 73 occupations since 2015 |
| SAS | 81 | 79 → 119 occupations since 2015 |
| Teradata Database | 81 | 18 → 53 occupations since 2015 |
| Alteryx software | 79 | 8 occupations; absent from the 2015 catalogue |
| Microsoft Visio | 79 | 93 → 149 occupations since 2015 |
| Workday software | 78 | 13 occupations; absent from the 2015 catalogue |
| Google Sheets | 77 | 1 → 8 occupations since 2015 |
| Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management | 77 | 27 → 57 occupations since 2015 |
| Swift | 76 | 25 occupations; absent from the 2015 catalogue |
| Epic Systems | 75 | 9 → 63 occupations since 2015 |
| Microsoft Project | 75 | 125 → 201 occupations since 2015 |
| IBM SPSS Statistics | 72 | 92 occupations; absent from the 2015 catalogue |
| Microsoft Excel yours | 66 | 690 → 859 occupations since 2015 |
| Intuit QuickBooks yours | 64 | 70 → 84 occupations since 2015 |
The highest-valued tool you did not tick is Structured query language SQL (86).
Skill Value Score · O*NET Technology Skills 23.2–30.2 · BLS OEWS May 2024 · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
BLS OEWS 2024-05 · Austin-Round Rock, TX, all industries
Conditions rated against the average across all occupations — only what makes this job different is listed.
O*NET 30.3 Job Zones
O*NET 30.3 work context, frequency scale · observed 2020-11
Share of workers by the education they hold.
Averaged across the 2 earlier occupation codes this job was merged from.
O*NET 25.0 education, training and experience · observed 2018-08
Occupational interest profile, rated 1 to 7.
O*NET 30.2 occupational interests (RIASEC)
Skills rated for how well they transfer into other occupations.
O*NET 30.3 transferable skills, importance scale
O*NET 30.3 abilities and knowledge, importance scale
Median with the 10th–90th percentile band.
BLS OEWS 2011-05–2024-05 · Austin-Round Rock, TX
| Industry | Median | Employed |
|---|---|---|
| Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | $82,000 | 483,970 |
| Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services | $80,510 | 347,320 |
| Finance and Insurance | $87,980 | 118,140 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises | $86,010 | 104,930 |
| Manufacturing | $83,940 | 90,600 |
| Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services | $80,500 | 70,350 |
| Administrative and Support Services | $80,430 | 67,610 |
| Wholesale Trade | $82,400 | 65,490 |
| Health Care and Social Assistance | $76,870 | 64,000 |
| Construction | $81,580 | 61,820 |
BLS OEWS 2024-05
| Place | Median | Employed |
|---|---|---|
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA | $105,100 | 114,300 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA | $93,890 | 65,590 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | $99,440 | 42,320 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI | $81,210 | 41,860 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH | $97,580 | 36,300 |
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | $82,780 | 34,550 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | $82,340 | 30,610 |
| Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL | $79,960 | 29,910 |
| Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD | $84,080 | 29,180 |
| Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX | $81,290 | 27,340 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA | $105,750 | 26,600 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA | $99,380 | 24,880 |
BLS OEWS 2024-05
O*NET 20.1 (2015-10-01) → 30.3 · 10 renames filtered out
Not the bar to get hired — that is the preparation level above. This is how much on-the-job learning people in this occupation say is needed before working unsupervised.
O*NET 25.0 · on-the-job training scale · 2018-08
Matched through the international ISCO-08 classification: our occupation to ISCO, ISCO to the UK SOC 2020 group, and that group to published UK earnings. Figures stay in their own currencies — a single exchange rate would hide the differences in tax and cost of living that matter more.
| UK occupation | Median, gross annual | Employees |
|---|---|---|
| Chartered and certified accountants | £46,131 | 82,000 |
| Taxation experts | £45,608 | 27,000 |
ONS ASHE Table 14, 2024 · ISCO-08 2411 · Open Government Licence v3.0
Matched through the NOC 2021 classification, which has a direct published crosswalk to O*NET — so coverage here is wider than for Britain. Hourly rates are annualised at 2080 hours, the same convention used for the visa filings above.
| Canadian occupation | Median, gross annual | Middle half |
|---|---|---|
| Financial auditors and accountants | C$83,949 | C$63,003 – C$112,008 |
Job Bank Canada (ESDC) 2025 · NOC 2021 · Open Government Licence – Canada
Three medians in three currencies cannot be compared directly, and the exchange rate does not fix that: it prices a currency on a market, not the basket it buys at home. Dividing by the purchasing-power factor puts all of them on one scale — the international dollar. Both columns are shown, because the gap between them is the point.
| Country | In local currency | By purchasing power | At the exchange rate | Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | $81,030 | $81,030 | $81,030 | 100 |
| CanadaFinancial auditors and accountants | C$83,949 | $67,651 | $61,305 | 83 |
| United KingdomChartered and certified accountants | £46,131 | $67,568 | $58,960 | 83 |
United States = 100. The American figure is the same cut used throughout this report.
The pound is priced 14.6% below its purchasing power on the market, so converting at the exchange rate understates that salary by about as much.
World Bank ICP 2024 · PPP, household final consumption · CC BY 4.0
Occupations close to yours by requirement profile, ranked by pay, and limited to work whose conditions allow it to be done remotely — desk work, email, no physical proximity. This describes the nature of the work, not observed remote vacancies.
| Occupation | Median | Pay difference | Profile match | Remote-capable |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computer and Information Systems Managers | $171,200 | +89 520 | 57% | 81 |
| Financial Managers | $161,700 | +80 020 | 86% | 82 |
| Marketing Managers | $161,030 | +79 350 | 61% | 81 |
| Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates | $156,210 | +74 530 | 60% | 80 |
| Lawyers | $151,160 | +69 480 | 69% | 84 |
O*NET 30.3 · BLS OEWS 2024-05
O*NET 30.3
Fields of study that lead into this occupation, by the official CIP classification — programme codes, not general advice.
O*NET · 2020 CIP to O*NET-SOC 2019 crosswalk
The same work is posted under many titles — this is what to search for.
O*NET 30.3 job titles reported for this occupation
Certified wage offers from U.S. visa filings — named employers, real rates, 1 946 offers from 677 employers over 2024-07–2026-06. Visa filings are a selected slice of the market, not the market: median offer is 1,1× above the published median for this occupation.
| Employer | Offers | Median offer |
|---|---|---|
| Ernst & Young U.S. LLP | 467 | $103,909 |
| Deloitte Tax LLP | 142 | $77,085 |
| GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC | 82 | $101,400 |
| Deloitte & Touche LLP | 78 | $77,085 |
| Amazon.com Services LLC | 31 | $104,800 |
| KPMG LLP | 30 | $111,500 |
| Grant Thornton Advisors LLC | 22 | $94,060 |
| PwC US Tax LLP | 17 | $140,000 |
| The Siegfried Group LLP | 16 | $150,000 |
| Crowe, LLP | 15 | $95,500 |
| PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP | 14 | $129,750 |
| Apple Inc. | 14 | $120,500 |
U.S. DOL OFLC LCA Disclosure Data 2024-07-01 – 2026-06-30
The Department of Labor assigns every filing a skill level. This is the same job priced by seniority.
U.S. DOL OFLC · prevailing wage level I–IV
| Job title | Offers | Median offer |
|---|---|---|
| Accountant | 1,531 | $72,779 |
| Staff Accountant | 654 | $71,136 |
| Tax Senior | 634 | $94,973 |
| Tax Consultant | 516 | $71,136 |
| Senior Accountant | 405 | $94,973 |
| Senior Associate | 388 | $105,000 |
| Tax Manager | 361 | $130,000 |
| Manager | 296 | $143,000 |
| Audit & Assurance Senior | 272 | $87,400 |
| Audit & Assurance Assistant | 243 | $71,136 |
| ACCOUNTANT | 228 | $64,334 |
| Associate | 213 | $84,000 |
U.S. DOL OFLC LCA Disclosure Data
| City | Offers | Median offer |
|---|---|---|
| New York NY | 2,045 | $118,800 |
| Chicago IL | 757 | $96,119 |
| San Francisco CA | 705 | $125,000 |
| Los Angeles CA | 638 | $96,800 |
| San Jose CA | 580 | $116,564 |
| Dallas TX | 554 | $97,250 |
| Houston TX | 483 | $85,000 |
| Atlanta GA | 474 | $85,000 |
| Boston MA | 450 | $94,160 |
| Seattle WA | 435 | $102,580 |
U.S. DOL OFLC LCA Disclosure Data